Oleg Semenov
Candidate of Biological Sciences
Associate Professor,
department of Technospheric Security
The use of foreign cytoplasm in the selection of soft wheat will increase its productivity and improve the baking quality of bread products.
1955
Graduated from Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Agricultural Faculty, specialty “Selection and seed production”.
1955 - 1960
Senior technician at the Experimental base “Gorki Leninskie”.
1960 - 1965
Junior researcher of the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
1965 - 1973
Junior researcher of the laboratory “Genetics of plants” of V. V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute (VASKhNIL).
1970
Candidate thesis on “Peculiarities of organogenesis of morphophysiological types of winter wheat” was presented.
1973 - 1976
Senior researcher of the laboratory “Genetics of plants” of V. V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute.
1976 - 1981
Senior researcher of the all-Russian research Institute of Applied and Molecular Biology and Genetics (VASKhNIL).
1981 - present
Professor of Agrarian and Technological Institute RUDN University.
Teaching
Conducts lectures for students of Agrarian and Technological Institute RUDN of “Veterinary medicine” and “Agronomy” directions:
- Selection and seed production of agricultural crops;
- Particular selection of field crops;
- Ecology;
- Life safety;
- Agricultural radiology;
- Radiobiology;
- Veterinary radiobiology.
Science
- The collection of genotypes of allocytoplasmic spring wheat (T. aestivum) by transgenesis of the kernel of wheat by the method backcrossing (minimum of six backcrosses) to an alien cytoplasm, the donors of which were: Triticum timopheevii Zhuk, ovata Aegilops, Secale cereale was created.
- The methodology of target selection of lines of allocytoplasmic spring wheat on the basis of their identification with the test systems at various levels, in particular, of the DNA polymorphism with a given morpho-biological characteristics and analysis of the content and quality of gluten was developed.
- It was discovered that the generated genotypes ACPG represent a new type of synthetic wheat in which the nuclear genome of T. aestivum L. properly (without CMS) operates in unusual alien cytoplasm, contributing to a number of important biological and economic characteristics, as a result of interaction with a nuclear system T. aestivum L.
- The unique effect of introgression of phenotypic traits associated with grain quality of wheat as a result of saturating crosses of soft wheat Triticum aestivum with the parent form of Triticum timopheevii - donor cytoplasm in the backcrossing process was defined.
- Promising lines of allocytoplasmic spring wheat that combines high level of adaptive capacity and valuable qualitative characteristics of grain was created.
- A series of high-quality genotypes at the level of strong wheat varieties with increased biological value, which reduces the amount of food additives used to improve the baking properties of wheat flour was created.
Scientific interests
- Allocytoplasmic soft wheat;
- Target selection;
- Varieties with a high level of adaptive capacity;
- Improving the baking qualities of soft wheat varieties.
Potato is an important staple food crop. Potato tubers require proper treatment before planting and after harvest to produce high yields and avoid storage losses. Among different techniques of potato treatment physical methods are of special interest: thermal treatment using hot water and steam, ultraviolet (including continuous-wave UV using pulsed Xe-lamps) and gamma-irradiation, treatment with magnetic and electromagnetic fields (including microwaves). The majority of physical methods is environmentally friendly and can be applied without special registration and in the developing countries. In the present paper, for the first time, the scientific papers on physical methods of potato treatment for the last 35 years are comprehensively reviewed. The review demonstrates that such an approach is perspective both for pre-planting and postharvest treatment of potato. Physical treatment affects biochemical, cellular and physiological status of potato. Methods of physical treatment enable to control phytopathogens, and some methods (ultraviolet and gamma-radiation) even are capable of improving immunity of plants. The main traits of potato tubers that can be influenced by physical treatment are sprouting (stimulation or inhibition), susceptibility to rot and black leg diseases, and starch, reducing sugars and ascorbic acid contents. The tuber response to physical treatment depends on dosage and date of treatment, duration and temperature of storage, agricultural technology and cultivar. Low doses of treatment may be inefficient while too high dosage may result in cell deterioration or death and poor immunity, and eventually to disease development. Too early treatment may damage a tuber since it should pass through suberization (wound healing) after harvest; too late treatment requires higher doses. The proper adjustment of treatment is necessary for cultivar and individual storage conditions.
A collection comprised of allocytoplasmic hybrids of mild wheat (ACPH) was screened for the allelic state of genes responsible for baking properties (high-molecular glutenins, puroindolines, and Waxy). The possibility of the introgression of the Waxy gene of T. timopheevii into the mild wheat genome was demonstrated in several ACPH samples using the set of molecular markers. Allelic gene variants responsible for the baking properties were revealed for 22 ACPH samples, which make it possible to detect the most challenging samples for both molecular-genetic research and applied science.