RUDN University biologist built a thermodynamic basis for calculating soil parameters
Physical soil quality is defined as a set of physical parameters that directly or indirectly determine soil functioning. Most of these parameters are related to the amount of water so soil quality analysis is often carried out using the water content curve, or the basic hydrophysical characteristic (BHC). Graphically, BHC looks like a relationship between pressure and moisture. This curve is different for each type of soil, the general shape is similar to S beech. From the BHC graph it is possible, among other things, to obtain values of soil-hydrological constants, maximum values of moisture capacity parameters. Technically, they are found as intersections of the BHC plot with known straight lines. However, the theoretical basis for this has not yet been formulated.
"In general, despite the serious thermodynamic basis, the concept of physical soil quality remains largely empirical, and the critical points of water content (soil-hydrological constants) on the BHC diagrams are considered by most experts as purely conventional values, devoid of precise physical meaning. In this regard, the main goal of the study was to develop a thermodynamic concept of soil physical quality with a transition from empirical to physically grounded methods of diagnosing the BHC critical points that separate the areas of dominance of different physical forces and mechanisms of interphase interactions that control water retention and physical quality of soils," - doctor of biological sciences Andrey Smagin, employee of the center of mathematical modeling and design of sustainable ecosystems RUDN University.
The RUDN biologist presented a theoretical framework for determining soil-hydrological constants. It is based on thermodynamic concepts - the interaction of phases, capillary forces that occur in the lumen between the soil solids, and thermodynamic potentials (the main parameters characterizing the energy of the system) are considered.
The biologist made theoretical calculations on the basis of data on more than 400 soil samples collected in different regions of Russia. The results make it possible to determine the real physical characteristics of the soil, important for farming, using the calculated soil-hydrological constants. For example, they can be used to calculate the optimal range of moisture content for a particular soil type.
"The main fundamental achievement of the study is the physically grounded diagnosis of the critical values of water content and its thermodynamic potentials on the BHC diagrams of soil physical quality. The theoretical and experimental results of the study are of practical interest for sustainable agronomy, determining the optimal ranges of soil water content in plant cultivation, water conservation and salt protection during irrigation, mechanical soil treatment and other technological operations," - Doctor of Biology Andrey Smagin, employee of the Center for Mathematical Modeling and Design of Sustainable Ecosystems, RUDN.
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The RUDN University Science and Innovation Prize winners were honoured at the extended meeting of the Academic Council. In 2024 the terms of the traditional RUDN University Prize were changed: for the first time the competition was announced in two categories: leading scientists and young scientists.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), electricity consumption in Africa has increased by more than 100% over the past two years (2020-2022). However, 74.9% of this energy is still produced by burning organic fuels — natural gas, coal and oil. At the same time, the level of electrification on the continent remains extremely low — only 24%, while in other developing countries it reaches 40%. Even in grid-connected areas, electricity supply is often unreliable: industrial enterprises lose energy on an average of 56 days a year.
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