RUDN mathematicians have calculated how to make 5G communications at the factory of the future
5G technology, or New Radio (NR), implies simultaneous support for two services — eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand) mobile broadband access and a highly reliable connection with low latency URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication). The eMBB service is a regular mobile Internet, the next stage of development of mobile data networks after 4G. URLLC is designed for remote control of mechanisms and robots — for example, unmanned vehicles. In real conditions, eMBB and URLLC traffic are mixed, which can reduce the speed and reliability of the connection. RUDN mathematicians suggested how to solve this problem. To do this, the main thing is to calculate the correct strategy for prioritizing services within the network.
“Fifth generation (5G) mobile systems have been developed for a wide range of applications. Therefore, NR base stations must support both eMBB and URLLC. Research is now focusing on mechanisms to support these services in isolation. However, the joint support of these types of traffic has received little research. We investigated the possibility of simultaneous support of eMBB and URLLC in industrial 5G NR networks using prioritization,” Daria Ivanova, graduate student of the Department of Applied Informatics and Probability Theory of the RUDN University.
RUDN mathematicians examined a model of the plant of the future. It is assumed that the 5G network is deployed in some production facility equipped with mobile robots and a variety of devices, sensors and detectors. They transmit data to the cloud service, where the control module makes decisions and gives new tasks. Sensors and sensors generate URLLC traffic, and monitoring devices generate eMBB traffic. This causes everything in the plant to move, interfering with the signal. Having described this system mathematically, scientists have selected an optimal network strategy that provides better speed and reliability with a minimum number of base stations.
It turned out that with the help of prioritization it is possible to completely “separate” eMBB and URLLC traffic from each other. The D2D (device-to-device) strategy allows you to achieve the most reliable connection, namely, to ensure that the probability of URLLC interruption is only one thousandth of a percent. The secret of D2D is that the base station deliberately reserves some resources for the direct exchange of information between the devices themselves.
“Our numerical results show that prioritization can effectively isolate traffic and does not require external control. A D2D-oriented strategy, where the base station reserves some resources for direct communication, is significantly superior to those where no explicit reservation is used, as well as a strategy where all traffic passes through the base station. Our model can be used to calculate the required density of base stations for all considered strategies,” Ekaterina Markova, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Applied Informatics and Probability Theory of the RUDN University.
The results were published in the IEEE Access journal.
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The RUDN University Science and Innovation Prize winners were honoured at the extended meeting of the Academic Council. In 2024 the terms of the traditional RUDN University Prize were changed: for the first time the competition was announced in two categories: leading scientists and young scientists.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), electricity consumption in Africa has increased by more than 100% over the past two years (2020-2022). However, 74.9% of this energy is still produced by burning organic fuels — natural gas, coal and oil. At the same time, the level of electrification on the continent remains extremely low — only 24%, while in other developing countries it reaches 40%. Even in grid-connected areas, electricity supply is often unreliable: industrial enterprises lose energy on an average of 56 days a year.
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