1
RUDN University agronomist found wheat genetically resistant to fungus

RUDN University agronomist found wheat genetically resistant to fungus

A RUDN agrotechnologist has identified wheat genotypes that are resistant to a dangerous fungal pathogen that infects plants even before the snow melts and reduces yields.

Pathogenic fungus Microdochium nivale infects crops, causing the so-called snow mold. Immediately after the snow melts, spots with a “cobweb” of the fungus appear on the leaves of winter crops. Gradually, the leaves die off, and if the lesion is too great, then the whole plant dies, along with the root. In order to prevent the death of crops and at the same time not to use chemical treatment, it is necessary to develop varieties resistant to the fungus. RUDN agrotechnologist discovered several such varieties of wheat.

“Rot of winter crops is observed in plants that spend a long time at a temperature of about 0 ° C in relatively warm soil, without sunlight and under thick snow cover. Under such conditions, plants quickly ‘burn’ nutrients. This weakens their resistance, and they become an easy target for a fungal infection, most often snow mold. Selection allows you to increase productivity and resistance to stress factors. The selection of varieties with resistance to pathogens is the most reliable and cost-effective method of controlling diseases,” Rebukh Nazikh, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Environmental Management of RUDN University.

An agricultural technologist discovered wheat varieties resistant to snow mold in the collection of plant genetic resources of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov. This collection contains up to 1085 samples of crops from each year’s crops. The researchers took data for 15 years and found infected samples in ten of them (the earliest sample is 1978, the latest is 2021). 12 genotypes in the collection were resistant to snow mold. Knowing these genotypes, it is possible to carry out the selection of cereals resistant to the pathogen.

Agronomists have also been able to identify factors that contribute to the development of the disease. They analyzed the weather conditions that were in each of the studied years. Among them were abiotic factors — that is, caused by non-living organisms, for example, snow that fell too early. It weakens the immunity of plants, which is why they cannot cope with the pathogen.

“Abiotic stressors, such as snow covering thawed soil at temperatures 1.0–4.6 °C above normal, were found to be the main cause of the spread. Under such conditions, winter wheat grasses continue to grow, breathe and consume their nutrient stores, and their immune systems are weakened, making plants susceptible to fungal infections. The combined action of abiotic and biotic stress factors leads to excessive crop loss. As a protective measure, we recommend combining agricultural practices with nitrogen fertilization in the spring. The discovered genotypes resistant to snow mold can be recommended to breeders,” Rebukh Nazikh, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Environmental Management of RUDN University.

The results are published in Plants magazine.

International scientific cooperation View all
12 Dec 2024
From 19 to 23 November 2024, RUDN hosted the III International Scientific Conference ‘For the Sustainable Development of Civilisation: Cooperation, Science, Education, Technology’. The event gathered more than 2000 participants from 72 countries.
172
Scientific Conferences View all
12 Dec 2024
About 200 participants from Russia and 20 countries met at the National Interdisciplinary Scientific Seminar with International Participation “Law in Medicine. Medicine in Law: Points of Contact”. The subject was “Happy Motherhood: unsolved problems of obstetrics, gynaecology and perinatology”.
138
Similar newsletter View all
20 Apr
A volunteer of the Red Army and head of the veterinary medicine course — Matilda Mityaeva's combat and scientific path

Matilda Pavlovna Mityaeva was born in 1925. In November 1942, she volunteered for frontline duty. She participated in the Great Patriotic War from November 1942 to June 1945 as part of the 53rd Infantry Division of the 475th Infantry Regiment. She was wounded twice.

24
20 Apr
RUDN University Team – the 1st place in the all-russian competitive selection of scientific projects “Technologies for human health”

The team led by Sergey Zyryanov, Head of the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, became the winner of the All-Russian competition of scientific projects "Technologies for Human Health".

32
20 Apr
RUDN University Scientific Agenda to 2030: New Programme for R&D and Innovation Activities Development

RUDN University constantly adapts to the changes of the modern world and responds to challenges flexibly. This allows us to keep the standard of a world-class research university. The sphere of science is no exception. Peter Dokukin, Head of the Research Division, presented the updated R&D Programme at the meeting of the RUDN University Academic Council.

23
Similar newsletter View all