RUDN University scientist: Africa relies on small modular reactors to solve energy problems

“These challenges are forcing African countries to look for alternative energy sources, including nuclear power. The transition to nuclear energy is driven by the need to ensure reliable supplies and diversify energy sources. Africa has significant reserves of uranium, which is mined in Namibia, Niger and South Africa, countries that are among the world’s largest producers of this raw material. In addition, there is a growing interest on the continent in the creation of nuclear science and technology centers, as well as research reactors”, Yuri Radin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Head of the Department of Power Engineering at RUDN University.

However, the introduction of nuclear energy is facing serious limitations. According to the recommendations of IAEA, for the safe connection of a nuclear power plant, the capacity of the country’s power grid should be about 10 times higher than the capacity of the planned nuclear power plant. Today, only a few African States have such powerful networks. For example, in East Africa, electricity production already exceeds its transmission capacity. Even in Kenya, where the installed generation capacity is 2,400 MW, this is not enough to build a “standard format” nuclear power plant.

“The way out of this situation may be small modular reactors (MMR), which generate up to 300 MW — about a third of the power of the VVER-1000 reactor. As the developers emphasize, the key components of the MMR can be manufactured in factories and delivered to the construction site on schedule. Another advantage of such reactors is that they can be placed deep in the continent, as they require significantly less cooling water. This is especially true in regions with limited infrastructure or low energy demand. The deployment of MMR near cities and industrial centers can be a solution to ensure stable energy supply”, Yuri Radin.

Small modular reactors are one of the most promising nuclear energy technologies for Africa. Their implementation can not only improve the reliability of energy supply, but also reduce dependence on fossil fuels, contributing to the sustainable development of the continent.